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Showing posts with label byzantines. Show all posts
Showing posts with label byzantines. Show all posts

The first Turkish Fatih Mosque call to prayer instead of church Havariyun read

 
In the Byzantine era, the hill where the first mosque Constantine had a church built in the period Havariyun. Byzantine emperors believed buried on this hill.
Constantine was buried on this hill is known outside the city at that time. After the conquest this building was used as the church of the Patriarchate. And the complex of Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror decided to build a mosque here Pammakaristos patriarchate has been moved to the monastery.

The construction started in 1462 and was completed in 1470. Architect, Sinaüddin Yusuf bin Abdullah (Atik Sinan). Mosque was damaged in the earthquake of 1509 in Istanbul and II. Bayezid period was repaired. Due to an earthquake in 1766 in the Sultan Ahmed III to come into ruins. Mustafa mosque between 1767 and 1771 had the architect Mehmed Tahir Aga repair. Therefore, the mosque lost its original appearance. 29 January 1932, was read the first Turkish call to prayer in this mosque.

The first construction of the mosque today, only three walls of the courtyard was a fountain, a fountain, the crown door, the altar, the first part of the balconies was a wall of the minarets and the environment. Was a fountain in the courtyard, which is parallel to the qibla wall of the portico is higher than the other three directions. Eight corners of the domes and arches sits on the outer pulleys. Belts are usually processed red stone and white marble, green stone is used alone mihverdekilere. Surrounded by wide moldings around the top and bottom windows. Frames marble and quite large, given the strong moldings.
Iron bars, iron and topuzludur thick. Portico with eight columns of green Euboea, two pink, two brown granite, and some corn granitindendir yerindekilerin congregation. Topics istalaktitlidir entirely of marble, and all of them. The marble pedestals. One of the Qibla of the courtyard, the two sides has three gates. Sadirvan eight-cornered. The mihrab istalaktitlidir yaşmağı. Cell corners green pole, decorated with sand, and over time ends up in an elegant crown. There is a verse in a single line on Yaşmağın. Slice on which the two minarets, mosques combined with the great harmony. Tiled wall of the right and left of the window during the last community boards.

Fatih Mosque, the first production, to expand the area of ​​the mosque walls and a dome resting on two feet and a half in front of the dome was added to it. Thus, 26 m diameter dome over a century, has maintained the quality of the large dome. Plan and to accomplish the second time the mosque is a small domed mosques cantilever with a sharp challenge has been building. At present, the central dome and four elephant sitting on oil, it is surrounded by four half-domes. Half-domes around half a second degree, and a full canopy, and the outer mahfildeki ablutions in front of hydrants covered galleries. The left side of the mihrab, from the tomb with a large ramp and the rooms are entered in the Sultan's loge.

Cones were made of stone minarets at the end of the 19th century. Mimar Mehmet Tahir Aga mosque in the old mosque, the time when repair parts, re-made the classic baroque pieces combined with a good way. Plaster the windows of the mosque was destroyed last eras changed the name of the frames. The gate next to the fire pool, Sultan II. Was built in 1825 by Mahmud. There was a large outer courtyard of the mosque. Tabhaneye it flew from the gate of the old mosque.

In particular, including the tomb of Sultan Mehmed II, Ottoman history, the tomb of a very important name here. II the Conqueror and his wife. Mother, the Valide Sultan Bayezid Gulbahar, "Pleven" Hero of Gazi Osman Pasa, and mesnevi express hazirededir Abidin Pasha mausoleums. Grand viziers, Şeyhülislamlar, senders, and is where many tombs of men of science, such as the Ottoman protocol at a ceremony in one literally seen place.

Values ​​that reflect the local culture for the submission of Beypazari Mansions

 
Like every inch of the territory of very ancient civilizations of Anatolia Beypazari been the scene live. Although there is clear information that points to the first placement as a settlement based on the use of evidence showing that there are times immemorial. This supremacy was so different that passes through the territory of the accumulated Beypazari history bears the traces of different cultures. Evliya Celebi's Book of Travels deyinme Beypazarı historical significance could not pass, were fed with these differences.
Beypazari Aladdin Street
Which is an ancient settlement in the territory of Beypazari, respectively, the Hittite, Phrygian, Galatian, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottomans are known to be dominant.

Beypazari during the Seljuk period, Ontario - has been an important trading center on the way to Baghdad. Beypazari, Orhan Bey's acquisition of Ankara Hüdavendigâr (London), the Ottoman administration was connected to the Sandzak.

Roman period, "Lagania" takes its name, this area became the center of a bishopric. "Rock Peak", which means the name is then prevailing in that period of Emperor Anastasius (AD 491 to 518) visit to the region "Lagania Anastasiapolis" was changed to. Istanbul, Ankara and Baghdad on the location of passageways connecting the high period lived in a commercial sense.
Examples Beypazari filigrees
The occurrence of the Turkmen tribes are sovereign homeland of Turks in Anatolia, most importantly Kayi Boyu'dur Beypazarı.Bu lengths. Seljuk Sultanate of them as the country has shown, the management of Gazi Gündüzalp first settled in the vicinity of Ankara. Founder of the Ottoman Empire, Osman Bey, the grandfather in the village of Gazi Gündüzalp'in Hırkatepe Beypazarı tomb.

"We do not know the first constructor. But, first conqueror of the Shah's vizier of Kutahya rulers Germiyanoglu Jacob Hezar'dır Dinar. Therefore, the city" Germiyan Hezar "or they say."

Any architectural work created by the mankind as well as Beypazari Mansions us to take a date style and way of life of local people leaking information about the concept of asylum. Usually two or three stories high, adorned with hosts during the functional and cultural details. These houses are stone ground floors, upper floors into the wood frame was built using wood or mud-filled system. Garden, small garden and a large variety of the show gardens. Bay windows, or more commonly "guşgana"-related structures can go in our face.

Beypazari Local Tastes
Which is a feature of the houses with gardens, and "cannot", also known as "guşgana", a small section at the top of the typical houses of Beypazari. Although construction of this section is actually a sense of an aborted deliberately structured that way. Beypazarılılar, and thinking about the possibility of enlarging the house as well as food for their families are stretched while being dried or preserved in such a structure also chose to take advantage of. Write Guşganalar hot, dry and winter when the winter needs the cold months, which he kept intact in this section. Tomorrow's the prudent Beypazarılı erzakını ready today, is a warm-blooded being made in the houses adjacent to each other reveals.
Doors of neighboring homes, windows, looks at each case guşganalar. This residential-style nest of social life, and points to the sincerity of the relationship. Sloping areas, the houses and gardens of the input is done directly from the street. Small garden houses the main entrance to the garden arranged in connection with street entry. Large garden at home before you reach home after a garden. The entrances of the houses, "life" at the so-called precious belongings fires, predators used in the iron door to protect the storage chambers are located. Located on the ground floor with windows opening out of the small trough in January and is usually taşlıkta.

This layer, which is the main living area with wooden staircase connects the upper floors the first few digits. Providing access between floors and stairs at the beginning of the so-called mamrak pulley covers parts are used as a warehouse. In the area around the gazebo called the sofa section contains areas such as kitchen and toilet. Some homes around the outward-looking sofa iwan, regulations such as building shape are also forms of mobility that create overhangs. Sofas large or illuminated by arched windows.

Beypazari homes in the local language, "let-up cabinet," the so-called horizontal and vertical service between departments and floors and cabinets that are returned. Roofs are usually made of squat brick home. Recently, the applicability of remedial and cheapness of easy-to-hand passing in mind there are roofs covered with sheet metal material. Garden walls of houses with gardens that street out to be quite high against the measure is emphasized.

Almost adjacent to the neighboring houses have gardens and a sense of trust between the people think. Developed in conjunction with the general architectural features of houses of Anatolia which opened its doors to pine hosts a friendly, warm people can browse experiences. Eye shaking, but also staying in the mansions of tasting local dishes offered in this yaşantıdan can play a few days.

Values ​​that reflect the local culture for the submission of a restaurant or guest house surrounded by some of Beypazari Konakları. More local food products are sold in small houses, shops or the field of handmade Beypazari gümüşçülerine space became of great importance.

Sunken ships in the world's largest museum to be established in Istanbul.

 
Istanbul University (IU) School of Literature, Department of Protection of the Underwater Cultural Remains President and Head of IU Yenikapi Wrecks Project. Dr. Ufuk Kocabas, said in a statement, said the excavations reached the world's largest sunken ships in the repertoire.
Kocabas, since 6 years working on these ships, the vessels formed in the laboratory, examined the said land.
To continue this project of the University has established a major branch of science, a master's degree in this field, explaining that they Kocabas doctoral education, graduate education in 2015, stressed that plans to provide.

Kocabas, önemsediklerini this work, seriously, that they, for the completion of the project to continue and said that the second generation of the yetiştirdiklerini.

University of Texas of 9 and 5 of the ship in the construction of the ship responsible for the scientific examination stated that the Kocabas, said:

Land this university was the 9th ship''. We would like to continue that because it's so bulky, but we let a project. Because the vessel 27 for a group very much indeed. I wish I Had a few groups, hafifleseydi cargo. We will review the scientific 27'sinin 36 ships. A total of 31 ships in the conservation of the museum establishment, and will perform the operation. This is the world's largest project in the western ships. Land since the ships are carrying more than 6 years. Complete remove of all the documentation procedures. Because on-site documentation is very important. Currently, one ship remained in the field. Towards the end we came to work the land. Pioneering project for Turkey. Each ship of the period has been made, the most high technology.''
A team of about 30 years without a break and working 6 days a week, ship-building techniques that transfers araştırdıklarını Kocabas,''At that time, how did the masters of such ships, which used the tools are working to resolve them. We do not know have used a construction technique. Looking at the way we do not know, and it made before the Byzantine period. The traditional procedure in the Byzantine period, a transition period took place between the modern ship. Yenikapı can find all the details of the transition period. We think a period of 600 years of the ships sank. In addition, the technique used for the different layers are passed hand are We have solved''he said.

3-dimensional drawings of''doing''

Kocabas, ship-building techniques and also is preparing a doctoral thesis, said the thesis be published as a book.
The majority of the vessels, there is a whole in the form of voicing Kocabas, said:

''This is a great chance for us. Around the world, so far no archaeological excavations in the Byzantine-era warships, galleys may not be found. Galley used with 6 found in the Navy. These are long, thin, delicate vessels. Made of the lightweight material for oars they move. Now we are doing to resolve them. 15 thousand on the above mentioned number of nails in a galley. This figure is even terrible. They also are making 3-dimensional drawings. What was missing parts of these vessels, they are designing. They are trying to find the right way. All works, so that the ships protected by the laboratory intact. We apply different methods to protect the wreck of the ship each.''

Japanese fish protection

Large water-filled pools in parts of the field from the ship transmits parasitic Kocabas, said:
Very suitable climatic conditions, bacterial or fungal growth''in Istanbul. Therefore, if you make long-term storage of bacteria in stagnant water, yeast, various worms, fly larvae occurs. You have to use to destroy the very powerful drugs. That is life in the pools sıfırlamazsanız able to use these organisms as food ahşaplarını ship. Another method is to ensure that these bacteria to eat other organisms. To this end, we put the goldfish in ponds where the vessels. The use of ships to protect goldfish. So far we have achieved very successful results. In particular, these fish larvae and grubs yaşatmıyor pools. Japanese fish for almost a year we have a very successful experiment.''

Depending on the project stating that the ship left on the creation of the museum Kocabas,''We have established a museum to the museum, even if we do not have to put the material. Conservation of a long process because the water-saturated wood. Abroad, there are examples of this. Minimum 10 years before the conservation work of these ships do not stop. In addition, there are 36 ships. At the same time more than one review of the ship and we can make, as well as conservation başlayabiliyoruz. The number of ships to be very 2025, the last of the ship before the year 2030 shows that bitmeyeceğini conservation. The first ship will be on display in 2013. In other words, the first ship in 2013, 2 ships in 2014, 2015 4 ships. Aim to finish in 2025-2030 until the last ship,''he said.

Kocabas, there are ships going around the world for 20 years, conserved, United Kingdom in terms of mass removed from the ship,''Mary Rose''is a very large and beautiful ship, he said.

Removed from under the water that transfers of this ship in 1982, Kocabas,''I am the first in 1995, I visited the ship. In 1995, conservation was emdirilmeye material. I would visit every 5 years. The most recent in 2010, I visited, is still being continued conservation. Budgets of these studies is very high, with tons of chemicals used in the phrase is. 40 tons of water in my pool here is a wreck. Very exacting in the form of a project,''he said.

In the meantime, during the archaeological excavations carried out within the scope of the Marmaray and Metro projects in the 36 sunken ships and 35 land transport Yenikapı complete. Thanks to the sunken vessels from the Byzantine period which is estimated to ship wreck the world's largest museum to be established in Istanbul. Removal of the last vessel is expected to land in January.

described in the various rumors about, which is the subject of legends girl tower

 
Maiden's Tower, described in the various rumors about, which is the subject of legends, close to the Marmara Sea at the Strait of Istanbul, was built on a small islet located off Salacak structure.
Tower, which has become a symbol of Üsküdar, Üsküdar is the only one remaining Byzantine era. BC 24 years with a history dating back to the tower, was built on a small island at the junction with the Black Sea of ​​Marmara. Some European historians here say, the Tower of Leander. There are many rumors about the tower. Evliya Çelebi, the tower has described as follows:

Land in the sea, an arrow's throw away from the four corners, a high tower has been artistically. Full height of 80 (eighty), Arsine. Surface mesehası two hundred steps. Where there are gates on both sides.

Today in the bottom floor of the tower foundations and structure of the transfer of important parts of the Conqueror. Around the tower, covered with a large landing. Medallion at the top of a marble plaque in the form of the tower, that the shape of the present Sultan. Mahmut, calligrapher, Rasim out of the pen of a monogram, dated 1832. Eminonu side of the tower is more widely where there is a cistern.
First, the Greek period, which houses a tomb with the additional building constructed during the Byzantine period the island was used as a customs station. Show platform during the Ottoman period, the fortress of defense, shoot station, a multi-function installed in the quarantine room. The principal duty of the people and by the presence of the centuries, the ships at night with twinkling lantern guiding function of dreams in the lead up to the future shows no kaybetmemiştir.Geçmişten Maiden's Tower. Maiden's Tower was restored in 2000, now transformed into a place cutlery voices heard. Girl tower transportation are boats Salacak and Ortaköy.

Girl with a history of a very ancient history of the Tower, once the ships are used for the purpose of obtaining tax. Tower along with the European Side Asian Side with a large chain pulled and the Maiden Tower from the passage of vessels (vessel size is smaller at that time geçebilmekteydi) are permitted. After a while, Tower, and the European side chain taşıyamamış right has been destroyed. Looking into the water from the tower are the ruins.

Antiquity, Arkla (small castle) and Damialis (Beef cattle) with the names of the said tower, an intermediate in the "Tour de Leandros" (Leandros tower) is famous with the name. Maiden's Tower is now integrated with the name and the name referred to.

Information about the architectural works of the ruins of Ephesus

 
The Temple of Artemis

The Temple of Artemis, one of the seven wonders of the world, is the first temple built of marble foundations of the ancient world before Christ 7 goes back to centuries. Structure built by the Lydian king Croesus dedicated to the goddess Artemis, the Greek architect and designed by Chersiphron Pheidias, the most important sculptors, Polycleitus, Kresilas and adorned with bronze statues that were built by Phradmon. Size: 130 x 68 meters, and other frontline Artemis (Mother Goddess) temple was to the west, such as. The temple and the marketplace, but also used as a religious institution. Who want to immortalize the name of the Temple of Artemis, BC July 21 356'da Herostratus burned by a Greek named. Alexander the Great was born the same night. After the conquest of Anatolia by Alexander the Great had offered to help but was rejected for the reconstruction of the Temple of Artemis. Today was the temple only a few marble blocks.

Ephesus Celsus Library

One of the most beautiful structure of Roman times, the building and the library, and worked as a grave monument. MS106 governor Celsus died in Ephesus, the son of his father's library was built as a monument and grave. The sarcophagus is under the west wall of the library. Facade has been restored between 1970-1980. Rolls of books in the library, stored in niches in the walls.

Virgin Mary's House

St. Mary, the mother of Jesus Bülbüldağı'nda last years. John is a place of pilgrimage for kilisedir.Hıristiyanlar with geçirdiğine believed to have been visited, and some popes sides. Although it is believed to be dead here in the tomb of Mary, the Bülbüldağı'nda the tomb of Mary of the period, as described in the Bible and is believed to be Silifke'sinde selefkosunda today.

seven Sleepers

Byzantine era graves in this place which is brought into the church, fleeing the persecution of pagans by the time of Decius refuge on the slopes of Mount Fair, which is rumored seven Christian young men believed to be the cave. Within the boundaries of the cave in the world who claim to be their own resources according to most Christian city of 33 even though the city considered sacred by Christians Efes'tir. In Turkey, the most well known and visited the cave of the Seven Sleepers in the cave of the period and an important center of St. Paul's birthplace, Tarsus'takidir. Old name last Afsin Arab sources in the form of Efsus report prepared by the delegation of scientists and the local court in a case opened with the claim of discovery has increased. Seven Sleepers the other Lice'dedir Turkey.

On top of a church in Ephesus, the cave was unearthed in the excavation of a state between the years 1927-1928, 5 and 6 as a result of the excavation century were found in the tombs. Seven Uyurlar'a inscriptions and tombs as well as inside the church is dedicated.

Medieval castle dominating the hill was built at the side of Snake River Ceyhan

 
Snake Castle, 13 km from Ceyhan. E-5 highway, 3 km away. dir. Completely dominated by a very steep hill, which are established on the Ceyhan plain supposed to be built in this time of the Byzantine castle. Also known by the locals as the castle Sahmeran.
Snake in the Middle Ages the castle during the 12th of the Çukurova Crusader occupation century, the dominant side of the hill, was built on the Ceyhan River. Both plain and have checked the path of the Silk, where the integrated natural resources. Solid square castle walls, three gates and doors and then linking the ladders have been used to achieve the very güçleştirilmiş conquest. From the name of the castle was abandoned in the principality Ramazanoğlu 1357'den while repelling the famous Turkish traveler Evliya Celebi 17 century in the region gave its name to Castle Şahmaran Efsanesi'nden Şahmaran due. Then, in the name of the castle Yılankale Anavarza, Tumlu and Kozan Castles in the field of view and is located.

Archaeologist Edwards, snake castle courtyard, separated by three examined the plan. According to Edwards, more two courtyards at the bottom, designed to protect the south-east wing. The walls are designed and placed in the bushes with a highly intelligent, very difficult to attack with the help of steep cliffs. Courtyards, each one has a single entrance gate. Differences in elevation above the ground a little more yükseltili, sheltered section, a ladder can be achieved in every way and round-trip each way is easier. This section constitutes the most extensive and heavily defended units and serves as a garrison house.

The highest and most northerly units have a chapel and a large part of cisterns. There is an iron gate to the south of the castle overlooking the Snake. Body walls of the castle almost lace-like embroidered. Building on the Byzantine, Crusader and Armenian repairs can see the remains of the wall. Armenian repairs, door frames, windows and vaults himself over the door indicates, this is an Armenian inscription documenting repairs are available on the structure.

Misis Ceyhan River in the northeast. The four faces of the castle is 700 meters circumference. In between two crenellated towers of eight floors. The fortress on the steep rocks is a significant artistic value. Is a large door that opens to the side of the road up, it is protected mazgallarla. The castle is the inner court is entered through the door on a flat square. Properly go to the desired location is reached by stairs from here.

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